STUDENT FREEDOMS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

STUDENT FREEDOMS - Research Paper Example The first amendment of the constitution provided that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (The Pocket Constitution: U. S. Constitution – Amendment 1, 1995). It gives the citizen their rights to express themselves and gives them the right of speech. This freedom has been envied by many people all over the world as only a handful of countries allow their citizens such rights. However, one of the main concerns in today’s world is the misuse of the rights given to them. In schools students use this rights to break the school rules stating that it is indeed their constitutional rights to express themselves as they want. The constitution did provide us with the freedom of speech and press, but it is not right to take this freedom and say anything we want anywhere, at anytime. Freedom should be used but in no way should it be mis-used. The freedom of speech should be limited in public school as students need to adhere to the school rules and to maintain social stability, racial harmony and to protect the students from dangerous influences which can hamper their academic growth. Many people who are against banning freedom of expressions in school argues that censorship should not be done as the banning of ideas, thoughts and information in any stream is unconstitutional as the first amendment guarantees freedom of speech and the press. History has shown us time and again that man is an animal if not regulated by rules and regulations. If students are given the freedom to do what they want regardless of the school norms and regulations, the society as we know it will be chaotic. Freedom should not be taken for granted and should not be misused. Freedom of expressions should be limited in schools to maintain law and order. It should also be kept in mind that too much freedom for students can be a dangerous thing. Limiting the freedom of expressions in school makes sure that dangerous ideas, ideologies, philosophies and outlook does not disrupt the students. School rules and regulations are also solely motivated by morality and also the belief that exposure to too much negativity in any streams causes students to behave in a destructive ways. Schools have the right to discipline their students if the students behave in a vulgar way which can disrupt the harmony or influence the students in a negative way. One of the famous cases regarding schools right is Frederick v Morse.  Joseph Frederick, who was a senior at Alaska Douglas High school, sued his school for suspending him for 10 days. Joseph Frederick, put up a 14 long chart at an Olympic torch relay in 2002. His banner read â€Å"Bongs hits 4 Jesus† He was suspended by the then high school Principal Deborah Morse for violating t he school policy. The principal stand point was that Joseph Frederick violated the school policy by â€Å"promoting illegal substances at an event sanctioned by the school†Ã‚  (Free Speech Rights of Students: The Issue: When May Administrators in Public Secondary Schools and Colleges Restrict the Speech of Students?, n.d.). The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals sided with Frederick based on the First Amendment rights. However, Kenneth Starr filed a petition for cert at the Supreme Court. In June 2007, a verdict was announced on the

Histroy of English Language Essay Example for Free

Histroy of English Language Essay History of English language will explain, why learning English as a second language is difficult without proper instruction, even though basic components are same. Throughout its history English has been influenced by the varieties of language. Living languages never remain static. Every language is the product of change and continues to change as long as it is spoken. Only dead languages like Latin or Sanskrit change no longer, since no one speaks them now. The changes, while they do occur are gradual and slow and hence almost imperceptible. Over a span of centuries, however, their cumulative effect is appreciable. Shakespeare English is difficult for modern readers; Chaucer’s is almost is incomprehensible without formal instruction. The History of the English language: The origin During the Roman invasion, the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. English belongs, in all its stages, to the Indo European family of languages, formerly called Indo-Germanic, and still earlier Aryan. Indo European is the name given to the set of linguistic forms from which nearly all European languages as well as those of Persia and very large part of India can be shewn to descend. The historians have used the word Indo-European because it merely suggests that the languages it comprises cover most of the Europe and India mark the length of its confines. The predominance and pioneering s of the position of the German Philologist English is one of the most important languages in the world today. More the an 350 million people in Great Britain are native speakers. In addition 150 million non-native speakers of English are there. English however is not spoken by large number of people in the world . Chinese, for instance spoken by more than 880 million people in China alone. Among the western languages English has the advantage in numbers. Spanish in spoken by about 210 million people. Russian is spoken about 200 million people Portuguese is spoken about 105 million people etc . Importance of a language is associated with political role played by the nations using it and their influence in the international affairs. Several reasons may be adduced for current importance and popularity of English. Historically the colonial expansion of the British Empire over which the sun never sets, was responsible for the imposition of the English on aspiring natives. Even after achieving independence many countries like Nigeria, India, Ghana continue to use English as official language for several reasons. The nature of the English language and its tolerance to change has made it very popular. One of the major assets of the English language is the mixed character or its vocabulary. English being the Germanic descent has many words from the Germanic languages viz, German Dutch, Flemish, Danish, Scandinavian, Swedish, Norwegian. It also shares a large number of words with the European languages derived from Latin viz,French Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. Hence English seems very familiar to anyone who speaks a Germanic and Roman language. Instead of making new words chiefly by the combination of existing elements, English has shown the marked tendency to go outside its own linguistic resources and borrow from other languages. These words have been so well assimilated into English the no one ever remembers or recognizes that they have been borrowed. Any etymological dictionary will show that English has borrowed from almost every language of the world; Hebrew Arabic Hindi Tamil,Malay,WestAfrica,Chinese,Brazil etc. This is the reason why we call English a cosmopolitan vocabulary which is an asset to any language which seeks to attain international use. Modern linguists therefore accept the dynamic nature of language. One of their axioms is that there are no pure forms of language, for language, for languages keep changing all the time. If English had remained pure over the centuries, we should still be speaking the language of Chaucer. Throughout the history, the English language has accepted with comparative equanimity words from other languages with which it has been in contact. There have been periods in which speakers and writers have indulged in large-scale use of foreign words. In general, most people will agree that the foreign contribution to English has been useful. Some languages avoid as far as possible the use of alien terms; instead they substitute new words made up of native elements. English however, has always accepted foreign words. Many hundreds of words of non-English origin are now part and parcel of the English vocabulary, indistinguishable from the native stock except to those with some knowledge of etymology. Of all the world languages, English has probably the vocabulary which is the most copious, heterogeneous and varied, at the same time this also one of the reason that learning English as second language becomes difficult. All the people, with whom its speakers have come in contact during more than thirteen centuries of its growth, have left permanent marks on the language. Some of the contacts have been deep and lasting like Greek, French and Latin. A study of the history of the English language, therefore, unfolds the panorama of English history-both social and political. With an empire over which sun never sets, the English language has been particularly open to foreign influences. The Romans with whom the ancient Germanic tribes had dealings, the Romanized Britons, the Latin fathers of the church who were once eagerly studied the Danish and Norwegian invaders, the Norman French conquerors, the revival of ancient Latin and Greek classics at Renaissance, the Italian artists and men of letters of the 16th century the colonizing nations of the same century—all these have made their contributions to the English language. Arab mathematicians from Spain have enriched the language: so have American Redskins and Indian sepoys. The Italianate Englishman of Queen Elizabeth’s time of whom Shakespeare made fun and famous writers like Dryden, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift have left something of value in the English word—hoard. It is no doubt, that such statement might fairly be made about other language and their history; but what stands out so remarkably about English is the abundance, the unparalleled variety and the length of the time during which foreign influences have been effective. Further, no other language has so much copious and heterogeneous material. In historical linguistics the contribution of particular foreign language to another is referred to as borrowing . In common parlance, ‘borrowing’ means getting something form somebody on the understanding that it is to be returned. Luckily, this definition does not apply to words which are borrowed, never to be returned. Linguists wonder whether ‘stealing’ might be a more appropriate term for this phenomenon. As Haugen says† The borrowing takes place without the lender’s consent or even awareness and the borrower is under no obligation to repay the loan. One might as well call it stealing, were it is not the owner is deprived of nothing and feels no urge to recover his goods. The process might be called adoption, for the speaker does adopt element from a second language into its own. Even though English language has adopted variety of languages into it, the basic structure of the English language has not changed. English language’s basic structure is, it has fixed word order. Due to more than two hundred years of English rule, Tamil has borrowed copiously from English. Now these words are not recognized as foreign at all. One hears an uneducated Tamil speaker use words like office school, ticket, gate, bus etc. In fact, practically no one remembers the Tamil equivalent of these words. The problem arises for the second language learners only when they were asked to use the language or reproducing it. Tamil is Dravidian language spoken by more than 65 million people. It is the official language of Tamil nadu state in India and one of the official languages of Srilanka also. Large Tamil-speaking communities also reside in South Africa,Singapore, Malaysia and the other Indian ocean islands. The earliest Tamil inscriptions dates from 200B. C. The literature in the language have a 2,000-year history. There are 247 letters in the Tamil alphabet. The 247 letters in the Tamil alphabet can be divided into 12 vowels 18 consonants, 216 vowel consonants and 1 special letter. The vowel consonants are formed by combining the vowel letters and consonants letters. The vowel-consonants letters also have long and short sounds. The History of English is divided into three ages. Old English, Middle English and Modern English. There are 26 letters and 44 sounds, in that there 6 pure vowels and 18 diphthongs and 20 consonants in English language. Compared to Tamil language English has less number of letters ,but ironically language that has 247 letters(Tamil) has limited in terms of vocabulary, but English language that has 26 letters has million words. According THE HINDU newspaper which published an article duirng 2006, The department of Tamil language in the University of Madras has benn revising, enlarging and updating the Tamil lexicon. During 1924-39, the University of Madras had Published the Tamil Lexicon in seven volumes comprising 124,405 entries. Such a dictionary was pioneering venture in the pre-independence period. Prof. Vaiyapuri Pillai had played a huge role in the complication and publication. There have been persistent demands for updating and expanding the lexicon. The many social, political and technological changes in the six-decade period have direct bearing on the Tamil language. It is in this background that the Department of Tamil language of the Madras University had out forth its plan to revise enlarge and update the lexicon. The present Tamil lexicon, under preparation ,will come out in 10 volumes, comprising atleast 500,000 entries ,will be bilingual in nature and at the same time render the meaning chronologically. On top of the vast difference in the number of letters in their alphabet, the Tamil language also differs in many grammatical items compared to the English language. The earliest period of English was formerly called as ANGLO SAXON. The history of English language is divided into three main periods . They are old English (from earliest writings till 1100) Middle English extends from about 1100A. D- 1450A. D, from 1450A. D till date its Modern English. The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world, for historical, political and economic reasons. First and foremost feature of English language is its extraordinary receptive and adaptable heterogeneousness-the varied ease and readiness with which it has taken to itself material from almost everywhere in the world and has made the new elements of language its own. Throughout its history English has accepted with equinamity words from other languages with which it has been in contact. Foreign elements with ease and assimilated them all to its character. Though it is copiousness of vocabulary is outstanding. A second outstanding characteristic of English is simplicity of inflexion-the ease with which it indicates the relationship of words in a sentence with only the minimum of change in their shapes or variation of endings. A third quality of English is its relatively fixed-word order. An inflected language like Latin or Russian can afford to be fairly free in the arrangement of its words, since the inflexions show clearly the proper relationship in the sentence and ambiguity is unlikely. Of all world languages, English has probably the vocabulary which is most copious, heterogeneous and varied. All the peoples with whom its speakers have come into contact during more than thirteen centuries of the growth, have left permanent marks on the language. Some of the contacts have been deep and lasting like those of ancient Rome and France. Others have been casual like those of Spain or Czechoslovakia. During the Roman invasion, the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. While the Roman soldiers in town used Latin, the Britons in the countryside spoke Celtic. Later this was replaced by English. The history of the English language in Britain begins with the settlement of the Angels, Saxons and Jutes in Brtian. These three tribes came from the plains near Schelswing Holstein in North Germany. They had to encounter varying degrees of hostility from the Celts. For mutual protection the tribes combined into small kingdoms. The most important among these were: Northumbria, Mercia. East Anglia, Wessex, Sussex, Essex and Kent. Under King Alfred Wessex enjoyed the leadership in learning. The English language of today reflects many centuries of developments. The political and social history of England has exerted a considerable impact on the language. The Christianizing of Britain in 597 brought English into contact with Latin civilization and many Latin words were added to the English vocabulary. Then the Scandinavian invasion resulted in considerable two people and their languages. For two centuries after the Norman Conquest English remained the language of the lower classes. When English once more gained importance, it had been considerably changed from what it was in 1066. In a similar way the Hundred Years War, the rise of an important middle class, the Renaissance the development of the British empire, the growth of commerce and industry, science and literature have all contributed to make the English language what it is today. In short the English language reflects in its entire development the political, social and cultural history of the English people.

Pure Luck :: English Literature Essays

Pure Luck During a warm and lucid evening in September my life would change forever. Something like this does not just happen to anyone; fate decides who deserves such a wake up call. That seemed to be the last night I expected a scene so horrifying to happen because the vibe of the whole evening was uplifting. Everything seemed perfect since everyone happened to be in that happy-go-lucky mentality. We did not expect the events that were to follow later that evening. I heard the restlessness in his voice. â€Å"You got a light?† Steve questioned with eagerness. He was not the only one with the anxious tone to his voice. I hooked him up with that so needed light to calm his nerves a little. We were on an excursion to one of the greatest places in the world: New York. Steve, Dennis, and I had planned this journey for several weeks now. Our anticipation grew immensely. The outing was to a club in New Rochelle which would be a new experience for all of us. Riding in the car seemed ominous. â€Å"Na man, you gotta take the exit for the George Washington Bridge,† I nearly screamed at Steve when he almost took the wrong exit, which would have put us in a position we absolutely did not want to be. â€Å"Alright, DICK† he sarcastically replied. After what seemed like an eternity we hit the right exit and it put us down the road from the club. We arrived, jumping furiously out of the car and hauling ass to the line at the front of the club. At the club there were many DJ’s and live acts that I looked forward to catching. Fortunately I got to see most of them. The experience was quite a relief after that car ride. The inside of the club appeared amazingly pleasing to the eye. The surroundings were the most comfortable of leather couches and a balcony over the main floor that was humongous. More than two hundred people occupied the balcony alone: drinking, talking, and staring awestruck at the sights, which included a thirteen foot tall glass case housing two six foot long iguanas and two sixteen-foot long Burmese pythons. After a few hours the party ended and patrons dispersed including my friends and I. Once outside, the masses gathered around handing out flyers that would most likely end up with a new home on the sidewalk.

Free Essay on Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Adventures Of Huck Finn "The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time.... so, when I couldn't stand it no longer I lit out into my rags and was free and satisfied, but she always took me back." Huck is having trouble adjusting to living with the widow. He is accustomed to living free in the woods, without worrying about possessions, language, or cleanliness. Chap.1: pg.4 "Pretty soon I wanted to smoke and asked the widow to let me, but she wouldn't." This is just another example of Huck losing his freedom, as on his own he would have done what he wanted to. Chap.1: pg.6 "And then I put out the light and scrambled out of the window on to the shed." Huck is exercising his longing for freedom by going out at night with Tom. Chap.2: pg.6-12 Tom and Huck encounter Jim whose freedom is taken away because he is a slave. Huck joins Tom's gang and they plan to take people's freedom away by holding the m for ransom. Chap.3: pg.12 "Well, I got a good going-over in the morning from old Miss Watson on account of my clothes." This in part why Huck wants his freedom, of doing what he likes, because they want to civilize him. Chap.4: pg.16 "At first I hated school, but by and by I got so I could stand it. Whenever I got uncommonly tired I played hooky..." Huck doesn't like being caged in school, but begins to like it because when he gets tired of it he can take a break anyway. Ch.5: pg.19-23 Huck confronts his father who spends some time with the judge and stops drinking, but begins again. So, as his freedom isn't taken. Ch.: 24 "So he watched out for me one day and catched me and took me up over the river." Hucks father once again takes his freedom away, but he gets it back by living the good life in the woods, for a while. Ch.7: pg.32 Huck escapes from his father by making it look like he was murdered; he now has total freedom. Ch.8: pg.

Every child is special Essay

Every child is special. Every child has its own personality. Every child tries to endeavor and focus best in its life. Primarily, every child has its own dreams. But the main factor to ponder is, for us to understand his/her dreams. And the truth is, we lack stability, patience and understanding as far as the child is concern. The movie, Every Child Is Special, was about a certain child named Ishaan Awasthi. Ishaan was a talented child; he can think outside the box and paint with such passion and creativity. But he was not understood by his teachers, he was only thought of as a mischievous and a very naughty boy. He was often called an â€Å"idiot, duffer, lazy and crazy†, even his parents didn’t understand him. They only thought that the boy was misbehaving because he did not want to go to school. It is perhaps the structure and restrictions of the normal expectations of the school system that rub him the wrong way, because one day, after having been punished by being sent by the teacher to stand in the hallway, he goes AWOL and wanders the streets, savoring the exciting sights of tourist-film India. He appears to be somewhat hyperactive. If his parents attempted to have him tested, it may be that he never sat still long enough to get a diagnosis. After finding out that Ishaan will be kicked out of school after the school year, his parents decided to send him to a boarding school where Ishaan suffered more from his strict teachers. These incidents crushed Ishaan’s confidence in him and he became depressed, very depressed. He did not speak to anyone, not even to his mother or his brother. No one would even try to help him because they did not try to understand him. Luckily he met Ram Shankar Nikumbh, the temporary art teacher, saw himself in Ishaan, he stayed persistent to help Ishaan in his studies and his life. Through his unconventional teaching methods and graceful presence, Ishaan’s attention was caught up. Ram did everything to understand Ishaan’s problem in reading and writing, he consulted Ishaan’s parents and told them that Ishaan has dyslexia, wherein he finds it hard to recognize letters and numbers. I love where he tells Ishaan’s father that in the Solomon Islands, villagers don’t chop down a tree when they want to clear land, but curse and hurl abuses at it, and the tree withers and dies soon after. Ram helped Ishaan in every way, first he gave Ishaan a confidence boost so that he will not be afraid to express  himself, and then, he also gave Ishaan lessons in writing, reading and in math. Ram taught Ishaan using different methods, he made learning fun by applying games to his lessons. Gradually, Ishaan begun to improve in his studies, he has now little trouble in reading, he can right properly and can solve math problems. Teaching should not only be done in one way, we should use different ways to teach our students because each and every one of us has a unique and special talent. It is also good to understand the needs of our students, let them be free – free to imagine, free to learn in their own special way. Listen to your students opinions and learn from it. Somehow the movie touched in an exceptional way and it broke my heart seeing that the dear people that child thought would understand him were the very ones who judged him and failed to understand his problem. But I cannot really judge the parents though, all they wanted was the best for their child that is why they tried so hard to push him and discipline him at the same time. It tug the heartstrings and at the same time gives hope that having dyslexia is not a desperate and in hopeless situation. To help the students, family support, teacher’s patience and love is needed, so with the interesting and enjoyable teaching and learning strategies should be employed. The theory of multiple intelligences in education plays an important role here and that can be a vessel in informing the teachers and most importantly the parents for them to assist their children. With time, patience and care, he ultimately helps Ishaan find himself and the harsh father realized his child’s wo rth and needs.

The Effects of Affluenza on Our Fragile Environment Essay Example

The Effects of Affluenza on Our Fragile Environment Essay Example The Effects of Affluenza on Our Fragile Environment Paper The Effects of Affluenza on Our Fragile Environment Paper This problem will cause the sea levels to rise and as a result thousands of homes will be underwater never to be lived in again. Affluent is usually described as an endorsement of the flow of wealth that causes a division of classes, and loss of financial, environmental and emotional balance. Graff, Wan and Anally, 18) In persons, symptoms Of affluent are addiction to work and anarchy; jack of confidence; hopelessness; a loss of enthusiasm and an artificial sense of power. Affluent may come with obsessive conducts. Affluent is prevailing throughout the world: in individuals who have assets. Affluent is an important reason of environmental change, scarcity of biodiversity and the heritage of leaving offspring. (Science Magazine, 29) _ Impacts of Affluent on Environment_ Defining and spreading impact of Affluent and environmental pollution on humans is the mission of this essay. Although this malady might once have been labeled stress or greed, studies demonstrate that the syndrome of Affluent is much more complex. It is related to many of the social and environmental problems that exist today, either as a cause, a result, or both. If this problem continues there will be serious consequences. Some of the impacts include tremendous cost of pollution cleanup and prevention. It also has a dramatic effect on natural resources in forests, wetlands and rivers are just a few of our natural resources. These resources perform different tasks. All are vital services for the Earth. They enhance air and water quality, provide habitats for plants and animals and provide food. Simply put we live of them o if we continue to damage our lifelines we will have a hard enough job staying alive never mind all the other jobs we have to do. According to Former Harvard Business School marketing professor David Shorten, The whole corporate system and the cause of globalization are increasingly geared toward bringing every country into the consumer system. Theres a very strong emphasis on trying to reach children to reshape their values from the very beginning to convince them that progress is defined by what they consume. (Science Magazine, 29) It is of great importance to understand the symptoms of Affluent: shopping ever, chronic stress, hyper commercialism, material boys and girls (marketing to and consumption by children), a rash of bankruptcies, fractured families, social scars (a loss of community), and global infection (socially and environmentally unsustainable practice). Dennis and Hamilton, 1 75) For each symptom, there are several examples, like, under global infection we learn that one fifth of the worlds people live in absolute poverty, that since 1 950 residents of the United States alone have used more resources than all people who have lived on earth before them, and that each citizen uses 20 ions of resources a year. Social columnist Jeremy Riffing says during the nineteenth century, consumption itself (tuberculosis) considered as a bad thing. A quick review of the notion of simplicity in culture describes the interest in simple living at the turn of the 20th century, the involuntary simplicity of the Great Depression, the post-World War II consumer boom fueled by government-housing and highway policies, the counterculture movement of the 1 9605 and 1 9705, and Jimmy Carters 1979 speech in which he criticized the increasing materialism of the society. But as Shih suitably observes, part of Jimmy Carters failure was his lack of recognition of how deep and widespread the consumer culture had become. (Dennis and Hamilton, 158) Although the attention devoted to voluntary simplicity is more extensive than that devoted to any of the symptoms of affluent, it only begins to give a feel for what a simpler lifestyle might entail. The researchers recognize that Affluent could only provide an introduction to voluntary simplicity and are at work on a follow-up program, originally titled Living Better on Less. As mentioned by Dennis, Th ere is absolutely no way everyone can live at our tankard of affluence. Consumption threatens to devour world resources within a single lifetime. (Dennis and Hamilton, 124) Attention to this issue will only increase in the future. When simpler, less consumptive lifestyle will be seen as a possible cure for the various problems and simplicity will grow as a lifestyle choice and as a social movement. According to a national environmental group, due to air pollution, probability is high that infants and kids will develop cancer in later years of their lives. Due to air pollution, toxic chemicals are mixed with childrens cereal and thus can cause cancer, but the overspent are not paying enough attention to this issue so far. Science Magazine, 29) Conclusion and Recommendation It feels that all kinds of environmental pollution can be reduced or ultimately stopped once and for all by controlling Affluent. Every individual must look at Earth as being someone or something really special to us. Look after this like a child. Love it and care for it as if it were your own. No one should trash it or take advantage of it. However if this problem of abuse towards our world continues it is inevitable that it will get back at us in the future. Perhaps owner rather than later, reducing or stopping pollution for the soul purpose of saving our Earth is a simple task. Everyone should get involved, rich or poor, healthy or sick. If more people take part in the programs already out there then it might not be too late. However someday in the future (maybe not in our lifetime) the Earth will decide it has had enough and that will be the end of everything, as we know it. If Earth dies it will surely take us with it. Just remember that when youre holding a wrapper or an empty can in you hand and there is no bin about that our fate is in our hands. As suggested by Scott Simon earth could support the worlds population at nearly our living standards if we revised many of our consumption and spending habits. However, some argue that even at dramatically reduced levels of consumption and increased levels of productive echo-efficiency, human population must be reduced to achieve a sustainable future. Many more argue that revising spending and consumption habits as the proponents of voluntary simplicity suggest will in fact destroy Our current standard of livi ng. The challenge that Affluent so nicely poses for the latter group is whether society should choose to emphasize quantity or quality of life.

John Proctor Good Or Bad Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

John Proctor Good Or Bad Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible John Proctor Good Or Bad IS JOHN PROCTOR A GOOD MAN ? Arthur Millers play The Crucible, is set in the small American Town of Salem. One of the main characters is John Proctor, husband to Elizabeth Proctor and a feared, though respected member of this New Jerusalems community. John Proctor is a man who has some flaws, but also many good points to his personality. Various characters throughout the play highlight these differing aspects of Proctors personality. Proctor also presents various personality traits as the play progresses, but however at the end he emerges as a strong character who is essentially good and who is forgiven and forgives himself for his adultery with Abigail William's. Proctors physical description encourages us to see him in a particular way. In the play he is described as, the kind of man-powerful of body, even-tempered, and not easily led. Though Proctor is physically strong, it is soon apparent that his weakness comes from his relationship with Abigail. Not only did he commit adultery, which was and still is seen as immoral in a very religious community, but he also took advantage of a servant in his employ and abused the trust given him as an employer as well as the trust of his wife. This adulterous event is a pivotal issue in Proctors attitude towards himself and in the readers attitude towards him, He is a sinner, a sinner not only against the moral fashion of the time, but against his own vision of decent conduct. Proctor feels guilty about his relationship with Abigail when he is visited by Hale and asked about his commitment to the church and his knowledge of the ten commandments. Proctor inadvertently forgets one commandment, Thou shalt not commit adultery. Proctor: Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, Hale: You have said that twice, sir, Elizabeth: Adultery, John. Proctor accounts for his lack of attendance at church in Act 1 by proclaiming that he will not listen to the hellfire and bloody damnation, preached by Parris. In Act 2 he states, I like it not that Mr Parris should lay his hand upon my baby, I see no light of God in that man. Ill not conceal it. An act the towns people and the court view as a revolt against the supremacy of God. This quote also highlights Proctors otherwise principled approval to his life, he is not prepared to do something just because it is expected by the rest of the community. Proctors relationship with other characters highlight aspects of his personality. In Act 2 Giles Corey and Francis Nurse come to him for help following the arrest of Rebecca Nurse and Martha Corey. It is apparent from this that he is respected by them. Proctors character is also highlighted through how he is seen by his wife. Elizabeth is cooking for him and it is clear that she is wanting to please him. Proctor: It is well seasoned, Elizabeth: I took great great, shes tender? Proctor: I mean to please you, Elizabeth Elizabeth: I know it, John! This shows that Proctor is obviously making an effort to please and be loving towards Elizabeth, but she is finding it hard to forgive him for his behaviour. Spare me! You forget nothin and forgive nothin. Learn charity woman. I have gone tiptoe in this house all seven month since she is gone. I have not moved from there to there without think to please you, and still an ever-lasting funeral marches round your heart. In act 2 we do see Elizabeth Proctor appears very timid and lacking in confidence, Elizabeth: I couldnt stop her, Proctor: Its a fault, its a fault Elizabeth your the mistress here, not Mary Warren. Elizabeth: She frightened all my strength away. It is important to Proctor how he is seen by other people in the community and for this reason he is reluctant to go to Salems court early on, as he would have to admit to the affair with Abigail. He eventually acts correctly, in order to show his love for Elizabeth who risks condemnation from the court on evidence from Abigail. Elizabeth: She wants to me dead, John, you know it! Proctor: I say sit down!. Now we must be wise Elizabeth. The outraged court officials summon Elizabeth Proctor to

A Massive Collection of Free SAT Practice Tests

A Massive Collection of Free SAT Practice Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Whether you’re building your own SAT prep program or justsupplementing a class, finding SAT practice tests and questions can pose a serious challenge. This article will go through every type of practice SAT test, how to best use them, and, most importantly, where to find them. What You Need SAT Practice Tests For Before we get into the many different sources of SAT practice tests, let’s talk about why you need a deep well of practice material to draw from and the different ways you’ll use these resources. RealPractice Tests A key part of SAT prep istaking full-length practice tests in realistic conditions. Since you want to mimic the SAT experience as closely as possible,you’ll need to use real SATs.Using official testsfor SAT practice questionsalso gives you a better prediction of your score and can help you determine what areas you need to focus on. You’ll want to use at least three tests for this purpose and make sure they’re the most current version of the SAT (from 2016 onward). Question Analysis Official SAT questions have their own style and logic, which other test writers aren’t always great at imitating. Unsurprisingly, then, the best way to understand the SAT is to studywith actual SATs. As part of your testprep,spend some time looking really closely at official SAT questions and thinking about what they’re asking and how each question is constructed.Themore familiar you become with the unique structure and language of SAT questions, the less daunting the test will seem. Subject Practice The final type of SAT prep is practicing with the various types of test questionsto hone your section-specific strategies and grasp of the content.Subject-targeted practice will also ensure that you know how to employ your math and grammar knowledge effectively to answer SAT-style questions. Though official SAT questions are the ideal materials for this type of practice, it's less important that you focus exclusively on real SAT questions. Using unofficial materials to practice general strategies will help you save official SATsto use as full practice tests. Now that you know what you'll need SAT practice tests for, let's go through the different places you can find each type of them- starting with official College Board tests. Instead of a map of the world, you need a map of SAT practice tests. Where to Find Current and Old Official SATs As I described above, there are a number of types of practice that you shouldonly use official SAT questions for. As such, they’re the most valuable type of SAT prep material and you’ll want to build up as large of a collection as possible. I’ve divided these tests up by which version of the SAT they are: Current (2016 and onward) Old 2400-scale format (2005-2016) Very old format (pre-2005) You’ll want to focus mostly on the current tests, but the other versions can still provide helpful extra practice. For more info on how to get the most out of older SAT practice tests, check out our complete guide to old SATs. Most of these materials are free, but I've included the best materials for sale as well. After all, spending $10-$20 dollars on great practice tests can be well worth the investment! Current SAT Practice Tests Below are all the official practice SATs for the current version of the exam. 10 Official Free Practice Tests The College Board has released 10 practice SATs for the current version of the test. You can download them below or take them online at Khan Academy (see next section for more details): Practice Test 1:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 2:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 3:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 4:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 5:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations |Essay Practice Test 6:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations |Essay Practice Test 7:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations |Essay Practice Test 8: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 9: Questions | Answers| Answer Explanations Practice Test 10: Questions | Answers| Answer Explanations Unfortunately, the practice tests in The Official SAT Study Guide, 2020 Edition are the same as those above (except that the book doesn't include practice tests 2 and 4 and does include essays for tests 9 and 10), so these are really all you have in the way of full official new SATs. Plan accordingly! Official SAT Prepat Khan Academy There are a bunch of official SAT practice questions available as part of Khan Academy’s free SAT prep.You’ll need to sign up for an account to access these resources, but it's completely free and tracks your progress over time. The lessons and practice questions are all divided by type, so they're very helpful for more targeted studying. While thestrategies and suggestions aren’t super useful for the Reading and Writing sections, there’s a lot of Math content if you want to brush up on any concepts you might have missed or forgotten. You can see a sample question below: Practice Questions on the SAT Website Finally, there are someextra practice questionsavailable on the College Board website: 24 Reading questions with two passages 22 Writing and Language questions with two passages 30 Math Calculator questions 18 Math No Calculator questions Keep in mind that some of these questions also appear in TheOfficial SAT Study Guide. Older SATs Although the 2016 overhaul involved big changes to the format of the test, previous versions of the SAT can still provide you with helpful study material. Free Full Practice Tests There are fourolder practice tests you can download for free: SAT Practice Test (2013-2014)Questions| Answers SAT Practice Test (2012-2013)Questions| Answers SAT Practice Test (2007-2008)Questions| Answers SAT Practice Test (2004-2005)Questions| Answers Unfortunately, these tests don't have explanations for the answers,so you'll have to figure out why the correct answer is correct on your own or ask a friend, family member, or tutor for help. If you really run out of practice materials, you can turn to the pre-2005 SATs: SAT Practice Test (2004-2005)Questions| Answers SAT Practice Test (2003-2004)Questions| Answers SAT Practice Test (2002) Questions + Answers SAT Practice Test (2001) Questions + Answers You’ll notice some question types that no longer exist on the SAT, so make sure that you know which questions to use and which to ignore. The Official SAT Study Guide, 2nd Edition This official book offers10more full official old SATs and can be worth buying if you're studying aggressively and needsome extra practice tests. Just remember that they are all in the old format, so there will be some irrelevant content and question formats. You can usually get this prep book for around $10-$20 on Amazon. Other Resources for Official SAT Practice Tests You might also be able to find official SATs through unofficial channels.Try searching for "old SATpractice test" or a similar phrase on Google and clicking through the results. If you're lucky, you might find some PDFs of previously administered SATs (though they'll likely use the old test format). Be aware that there's no guarantee these are real SATs. One helpful website you can use for this purpose is CrackSAT.net. They offer a huge collection of (what they claim to be) official SATs and practice questions.While the website can be tricky to navigate, it's definitely worth looking at if you want more realistic-looking SAT questions to practice with. X marks the spot- where you can find SAT practice tests. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Where to Find (and How to Use) UnofficialSATs Sadly, there aren’t a ton of official SAT practice tests available, so if you’re planning 40+ hours of studying, you’ll probably need some supplementary materials. Notethatpractice materials not sanctioned by the College Board can vary wildly in quality: some are very similar to the actual SAT, whereas others don’t even share the same basic structure as the test! I've collected the most helpful resources and provided some suggestions on how to get the most out of them in your SAT prep. This list is extensive but not exhaustive- there are a lot of SAT books and tests out there. Be aware, however, that many of them aren’t very high quality, so use your judgmentwhen deciding whether to incorporate something you find into your prep. Unofficial SAT Prep Books SAT prep books are a good alternativefor extra content review and practice.Their questions aren’t always quite right- for example, they might cover material you don’t really need to know or are easier or harder than those on the real SAT- but prep books can be a great resource for both reviewing concepts and trying out different strategies. I've provided some suggestions for general SAT prep books below. These each cost between $10 and $20, but you might be able to find them for free at your local or school library. Just make sure that they aren't written in before you check them out. Also, note that many of the best SAT books cover only one subject, so buying books can get expensive quickly. Best Book for High Scorers: Barron’s SAT, 29th Edition Barron’s SAT, 29th Edition hasa lot of in-depth study material that's particularly helpful for high scorers looking to fine-tune their test-taking strategies and ensure that they know every concept that might appear on the test. That said, the questions (especially those for Reading) tend to be much more difficult than those on the actual SAT, so this prep book isn't a good choice for students who get easily frustrated. You'll get a total of five full-length practice tests (including one diagnostic test) with this book. Best Book for Low Scorers: Kaplan's SAT Prep Plus 2020 Kaplan's SAT Prep Plus 2020, as well as its other SAT prep books, are better for students who need a basic foundation on what to expect on the test and how to approach it.The questions skew easier, so it doesn't provide great preparation for the more challenging aspects of the exam. This book is a good place to start if you have a low baseline score and want to increase it by a lot,since it will let you save official tests and more challenging practice for later in the process. This book offers five full-length SAT practice tests(two in the book and three online). Free Online Practice SATs from Test-Prep Companies Since these tests are free, they’re often (though not always) of a lower quality than the tests in books. If you really need more free practice materials, stick to using these for untimed content review and don’t worry if something seems weird or unusual. If you’re a high SAT scorer, trying to figure out how the test is different from an official SAT can be a good exercise and will help you understand exactly what makes the real thing tick. Ivy Global Ivy Global offers two free SAT practice tests, which are pretty decent in terms of quality. As you can see in the example below, both tests mimic the style of the official test very closely. Given the scarcity of materials for the current version of the SAT, these practice test PDFs could be a helpful addition to your prep- as long as you keep in mind that neither are official resources. MajorTests.com This website has a large selection of SAT practice questions divided by type. They're in thesame basic stylesas oldSAT questions, though the online format is less streamlined than that of the College Board or Khan Academy websites. You can see an example below: These SAT questions are best used sparingly- to test knowledge of math and grammar content and to practice general strategies (such as plugging in answersor numbers). Keep in mind that they might contain some errors. Varsity Tutors The format on these SAT practice questions isn’t especially accurate, and they sometimes ask about concepts that aren’t tested on the SAT. I generally wouldn’t recommend using them, but you can if you really want more questions to help test your general SAT knowledge. Here's an example of a question: Other Free Unofficial SAT Practice Tests Big test-prep companies, such as The Princeton Review and Kaplan, often offer a free practice test if you register for an account on their website. Sometimes you can even sign up to take the practice SAT at one of their test centers. As always, keep in mind that the qualityof the practice SAT will vary wildly, and the companymight aggressively pitch you their services. You'll probably end up using a mix of books and online resources for your SAT prep. Making an SAT Study Plan: 3 Essential Tips Now that youknow where tostart compiling the materials you'll need to prepare for the SAT, let's discuss how best to use these resources in a study plan. For more details on how to plan your SAT prep, check out our guide on how to build a prep plan that fits your schedule. #1: Find Your SAT Baseline Score Make sure to take a real SAT to determine your baseline score- unofficial diagnostic tests won’t give you a realistic sense of what the SAT is like or what your actual strengths and weaknesses are. Take the test in a quiet room without any distractions, and be sure to follow the official time limits. #2: Practice Skills and Review Content With Supplementary Materials Because there’s a limited number of official SATs available, you should supplement these tests with practice materials focused on specific subjects or question styles, including the official questions on Khan Academy and the SAT website, as well as those from unofficial sources. Making strategic use of these materials will allow you to try out new strategies and drill specific skills without having to worry about how many full official tests you have left. #3: Focus On Using Official SATs as Full-Length Practice Tests Again, because your supply of official SATs is limited, you want to use them judiciously. Don’t waste these tests by taking them in bits and pieces or while you’re distracted or stressed out. Instead, use most of the official SAT practice tests as full-length practice tests under real testing conditions: timed, all in one sitting, in a quiet room, etc. Once you’ve taken a test, take time to carefully go over the questions you missed and the ones you guessed on, analyzing why you got each one wrong and how the question is actually solved. Rememberto also save one or two official SATs for the end of your prep schedule! What's Next? Taking an SAT practice test is only the first step- you also need to go over your answers.Make sure that you know the best wayto review your mistakes. If you want to focus on a specific SAT section, check out our guides to the best practice materials for Reading, Math, and Writing. Want to improve your SAT score quickly? Try our 20-hour SAT prep planor our one-month SAT study plan, depending on how much time you have left before test day. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also feature thousands of practice questions, official SAT practice tests, and personal feedback on your essays from an expert instructor. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Regional Innovation Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Regional Innovation Policy - Essay Example Any regional initiative must evolve from a partnership of business, governments, non-profits and education/training institutions. In the Cleveland area, a partnership in North-eastern Ohio undertook a project to identify industry "clusters" within the region that were competitive in the global economy. The project, the Northeast Ohio Regional Economic Development Strategies Initiative, is a partnership of the Akron Regional Development Board or ARDB, Cleveland Tomorrow (a committee of the CEO's of the region's largest companies), and the Greater Cleveland Growth Association or GCGA (the Chamber of Commerce for the City of Cleveland). NOREDSI's goal was to promote industrial clusters in the region, so as to become more globally competitive. This initiative sought to generate a bottom-up, private sector program in which interrelated private firms within an identifiable "cluster" could work together to identify and resolve common needs and concerns. This research identified six industry clusters (metalworking, plastic products and chemicals, motor vehicles and equipment, insurance, biomedical products, and instruments & controls) that were relatively competitive or had competitive advantages in the region. In a series of cluster forums with these industries, private sector participants identified six main issues as barriers to retaining regional competitive advantages. They were: workforce/education; technology/R&D; entrepreneurship; regulatory/tax policies; quality of life; and, infrastructure. Unfortunately for the Cleveland area, the need for human capital development appears to be especially great if its major industries are not to wither. If a region is attempting to be globally competitive, a well-trained workforce is essential to increasing the levels of productivity. One of the public sector's most vital economic development initiatives, first, is to reach consensus with regional industries on the skill sets needed by firms and, then, to adopt policies ensuring that students can attain them in all districts throughout the region. Another very important area is constituted by the services that state and local governments provide to businesses directly. These include promoting entrepreneurial skills and technological upgrading, providing an advanced physical infrastructure, and helping businesses through tax and regulatory relief. Finally, state governments should develop and encourage taxing policies, which benefit regions. The most commonly used example of tax policy designed to enhance the economic development benefits to a region is Minnesota's shared tax base. Put simply, economic benefits (e.g., taxes) generated by a firm's location in a city in the region accrue to all cities in the region. The regional level may be important for firms attempting to achieve global competitiveness. The question arises as to what strategies local communities can commence, and what policies local or state governments can initiate, in order to raise the innovativeness and competitiveness of regional firms. Regional innovation policy and its relationship with the regio

Health Assessment of a Geriatric Patient Assignment

Health Assessment of a Geriatric Patient - Assignment Example While performing a health assessment among the geriatric patients, a nurse should keep in mind the special considerations that the physiological process is unique in this age group of patients. There are illnesses and conditions related to the changing of the physiological functions resulting from an advancement in age. During the performance of physical examination, the nurse must equally avoid prolonged exposure of the patients as the geriatric patients easily loose head and are prone to hypothermia (Rosen & Reuben, 2011). Due to the multiplicity of conditions experienced by the geriatric patients, a thorough health history is essential in understanding the nature of the condition. In certain instances when the elderly cannot clearly express the condition, interviewing of the family members is essential in helping to understand the conditions. Additionally, during the assessment, the elderly must be treated with caution since these groups of people are accustomed to falls. The patients’ assessment should be done in an environment that is spacious enough but has for support appliances that will prevent the fall of the patients (Kenis et al., 2013). Kenis, C., Bron, D., Libert, Y., Decoster, L., Van Puyvelde, K., Scalliet, P., †¦ Wildiers, H. (2013). Relevance of a systematic geriatric screening and assessment in older patients with cancer: results of a prospective multicentric study. Annals of Oncology†¯: Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / ESMO, 24,

Obesity in Kuwait Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obesity in Kuwait - Research Paper Example According to a study conducted by Zaghloul et al. energy intake among Kuwaitis is extremely more than what is actually required for a person. It was higher than the estimated energy requirements for almost half of Kuwaiti children and one-third of adults. The Estimated Average Requirement was exceeded by 78–100 % of the recommendation for protein and carbohydrates. It should be noted that majority of the energy drinks and foods contain excessive sugar and fat contents. Sugar and fat are responsible for causing obesity. These food and drink items are extremely expensive compared to normal food and drink items. Only high income people will be able to spend money for these items. In other words, high income is causing obesity among Kuwaitis. Another reason for obesity among Kuwaitis is the globalization. It should be noted that globalization has brought many life style changes in this world. Because of globalization, it is easy for fast food chains to establish food outlets anywhere in the world. Foreign direct investments are welcomed in almost all the countries because of globalization. As a result of that, global fast food companies such as KFC, McDonalds and Burger King are able to establish food outlets in any country at present. The case of Kuwait is not an exception. Because of globalization, a variety of fast food companies have already established restaurants in Kuwait. According to the arguments in the article â€Å"Is  Globalization  Making Us Fat† Social globalization, have a significant impact on obesity. A social mismatch is there among the people because of globalization. This mismatch results in differences in the energy consumption levels of the people. In other words, physical and cultural e nvironments are key elements behind obesity (Is  Globalization  Making Us Fat?). According to Kumiya et al.,(p.1027) in highland areas worldwide, socioeconomic  globalization  is progressing urbanization. This

Middle East Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle East Politics - Essay Example The government uses oil money to uplift the lives of the residents. Iraq is an unstable political nation (Ayoob, 2006). The country is the threshold of breaking up between the people of both the Kurdish group and the Arab group. There is a continuing rift between Iraqi Sunni Muslims and Iraqi Shiite Muslims. The rift cropped up because Muhammad did not appoint his replacement (Hazleton, 2009). Iran is on the verge of producing its first nuclear warhead. The nation is an open republic. The republic allows suggestions, comments, and other inputs from any member of Iranian society. The drive to set up nuclear weapons is a stop the uninvited political intervention from the United States. Iranian politics is leading towards a democratic government. The religious leaders run the Iran government, especially Shiite Muslim Ayatollah Sistani. The citizens democratically elect their next political leaders (Ayoob, 2006). The Saud family, the political family ruling over Saudi Arabia, is persuaded to grant more democratic power to the citizens (Ayoob, 2006). The granting of democratic freedom strengthens Saud family’s hold on the people. Such democratic movements will allow the people to voice their anti-American politics concerns. Turkey questions why the European Union cannot allow entry of Turkey into the fold of the European Union (Ayoob, 2006). Some residents believe their Islamic faith hinders entry into the European Union. The people happily feel the government grant more democratic freedom. Turkey is deeply involved in the Middle East nations’ political affairs, doing its best as NATO member to keep the peace and unity within the region. The political situation shows there is a continuing political conflict between the Jewish Israel people and the Islam-dominated Palestine people (Ayoob, 2006). The United States is persuading Israel to give up its control over the Gaza strip to Palestine, to reduce the conflict between

Economics assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics - Assignment Example Both oligopolies and monopolies are affected by the increased production in the sense that higher production decreases the prices of products and services. The two market structures, unlike other market structures, are able to attain a monopoly on production in the specific goods or services under their copyright (Albano & Lizzeri 1997). Monopolistic markets are solely controlled by a single seller only. The seller has absolute power to influence market decisions and prices. Consumers attain limited choices, and they have to make a choice from what is being supplied at the market. Conversely, oligopoly is characterized by few sellers in the market. The market situation is friendly to consumers since it encourages competition among the sellers (Spanjers 1994). A monopolistic market gets its power from three sources: these include, legal, economic and deliberate. A monopolistic market will make into use the position it has to its advantage and completely drive out competitors. It can achieve this either through reducing prices to such levels that existence for another firm may become nearly impossible or through virtue of economic situations like large capital requirements when starting companies. Though an oligopolistic market situation does not have sources of power, it, however comes into existence merely due to the accommodating character of other sellers already in the market (Spanjers 1994). A monopolistic market might quote very high prices because of nonexistence of other competitors. The monopolistic sellers will make use of their status of dominance in the market and maximize their profits. Oligopolistic markets, on the other hand, ensure competition in the market hence fairer prices for the consumers (Spanjers 1994). These are regulations that are put into place to prevent entrance of firms into the market. Barriers to entry into

Middle East Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle East Politics - Essay Example The government uses oil money to uplift the lives of the residents. Iraq is an unstable political nation (Ayoob, 2006). The country is the threshold of breaking up between the people of both the Kurdish group and the Arab group. There is a continuing rift between Iraqi Sunni Muslims and Iraqi Shiite Muslims. The rift cropped up because Muhammad did not appoint his replacement (Hazleton, 2009). Iran is on the verge of producing its first nuclear warhead. The nation is an open republic. The republic allows suggestions, comments, and other inputs from any member of Iranian society. The drive to set up nuclear weapons is a stop the uninvited political intervention from the United States. Iranian politics is leading towards a democratic government. The religious leaders run the Iran government, especially Shiite Muslim Ayatollah Sistani. The citizens democratically elect their next political leaders (Ayoob, 2006). The Saud family, the political family ruling over Saudi Arabia, is persuaded to grant more democratic power to the citizens (Ayoob, 2006). The granting of democratic freedom strengthens Saud family’s hold on the people. Such democratic movements will allow the people to voice their anti-American politics concerns. Turkey questions why the European Union cannot allow entry of Turkey into the fold of the European Union (Ayoob, 2006). Some residents believe their Islamic faith hinders entry into the European Union. The people happily feel the government grant more democratic freedom. Turkey is deeply involved in the Middle East nations’ political affairs, doing its best as NATO member to keep the peace and unity within the region. The political situation shows there is a continuing political conflict between the Jewish Israel people and the Islam-dominated Palestine people (Ayoob, 2006). The United States is persuading Israel to give up its control over the Gaza strip to Palestine, to reduce the conflict between

Raw Milk US National Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Raw Milk US National Marketing Strategy - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that retail Raw Milk includes fluid whole milk, hand-skimmed cream, and milk, which has been hand-skimmed. This means a plant cannot use a homogenizer, separator or any other automated apparatus to isolated raw milk from cream. Retail Raw Milk does not include chocolate or flavored milk, or cultured fluid milk. It cannot be applied in producing other food products such as yogurt, butter, puddings, or ice cream. Despite recommendations by the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP), American Medical Association (AMA), Centres for Disease Control (CDC), and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that raw milk not be sold directly to consumers due to it having harmful bacteria like Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, raw milk sale is legal in 32 (64%) of the American states. 9 states have made it illegal to sell raw milk, 17 have made it illegal to sell raw milk for human consumption, while the remain ing states have some form of legislation that regulates raw milk trade and consumption. It is projected that there may be changes in raw milk-associated legislation as more states debate the issue. There are no laws prohibiting raw milk sale for other animals’ consumptions though there is, however, a federal ban on interstate trade on raw milk for human consumption. Raw milk, from cattle fed in the grass, has been promoted as a source of naturally occurring conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and antimicrobials in solution. It is important to note that production of raw milk follows more stringent hygiene standards than milk meant for processing/ Raw milk is a low involvement product as it is cheaper than processed milk, frequently purchased as a matter of routine, and has a short shelf life. For the low involvement products, the consumer gives very little thought and forms no feeling of the product until after purchase and consumption.

Periodic Properties Essay Example for Free

Periodic Properties Essay The halogens F, Cl, Br and I (At has not been included because of its scarcity and nuclear instability) are very reactive non-metals that occur in the penultimate group of the periodic table, hence they all require just one electron to complete their valence shell. All of the elements exists as diatomic molecules (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2) in which the atoms are joined by single covalent bonds. Going down a group of the periodic table, for successive elements there are more energy levels filled with electrons, so the outer electors are in higher energy levels and farther from the nucleus. Fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine a liquid and iodine a solid that forms a purple vapour on heating. The halogens are all quite electronegative elements. They require just one electron to complete their valence shell, hence they readily gain electrons to form the singly charged halide ions (Fà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½,Clà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½,Brà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½,Ià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½). The ease with which they gain electrons gained is further from the nucleus and hence less strongly attracted. This means that, in contrast to the alkali metals, the reactivity of the halogens decreases going down the group. Method 1) Test the solubility of Iodine: 1. A very small amount of iodine was put into water, cyclohexane and KI(aq) respectively 2. The color changes of the solutions and the solubility in each solvent were recorded 2) Test iodine reacts with starch: 1. Three drops of I2-KI solution were put into a test tube 2. A few drops of starch solution were added after that 3. The color of solution was recorded 3) Test the acid-base properties: 1. A few drops of chlorine water were put in a test surface, and it was tested with universal indicator paper 2. This was repeated first using water and then using iodine solution instead of the chlorine water 3. The color changes were recorded 4) Displacements between halogen elements: 1. 2cm depth of each aqueous solution: sodium chloride, potassium bromide and potassium iodide were put into 3 respective test tubes and labeled 2. An equal volume of chlorine water was added into each test tube and the results were recorded 3. A little hexane was added to form a separate upper layer of a non-polar solvent 4. The mixtures were shook and the changes were recorded 5. Step 1, 2, 3 and 4 were repeated first using water and then iodine solution instead of chlorine water 5) Tests for halide ions [Halide ions (Cl-, Br- and I-) with silver ions]: 1. About 1cm depth of aqueous sodium chloride was put into a test tube 2. A little aqueous silver nitrate was added and then the observations were recorded 3. The test tube was placed in a sunny place, and left there for about 5 minutes and then it was observed again 4. Step 1, 2 and 3 were repeated using aqueous potassium bromide, then aqueous potassium iodide instead of sodium chloride ?Data Collection? 1) The solubility of iodine in different solvent Color Solubility Water Colorless Insoluble Cyclohexane Purple Soluble Ethanol Yellow Soluble KI(aq) Yellow-brown Soluble 2) Test iodine reacts with starch: The color of the solution is black. 3) Test the acid-base properties: Cl2 Br2 I2-KI pH value 4 3 12 4) Displacements between halogen elements: The color change of the solution after Cl2, Br2, I2 added into NaCl, KBr and KI respectively Cl2 Br2 I2 NaCl No change No change Brown KBr Pale yellow solution No change Brown KI yellow yellow Brown The color of the upper layers of the solution after hexane added Cl2 Br2 I2 NaCl No change No change Purple red KBr Pale purple No change Purple red KI purple Pale purple Purple red 5) Tests for halide ions: Halide ions (Cl-, Br- and I-) with silver ions: NaCl White precipitate is produced Darkens after it was placed in sunlight KBr Cream precipitate is produced. KI Yellow precipitate is produced. ?Data Analysis? 1) The solubility of iodine in different solvents: The solubility is larger in non-polar solvent (water, ethanol) and smaller in polar solvents.(cylohexane and KI) The purple color of iodine in cyclohexane is that because in non-polar solvents, iodine froms the violet solution. 2) Test iodine reacts with starch: According to the general knowledge we knew, the phenomenon of this reaction should be blue, but the color observed was black-green. That was because some of the starch hydrolysis in water and produced something could make the color darker. 3) Test the acid-base properties: 1. Cl2: The color of the universal indicator papers showed that Cl2 is strong acid. 2. Br2: The color of the universal indicator papers showed that Br2 is a kind of acid, but not very strong. 3. I2: The color of the universal indicator papers showed that I2 is a strong base. Actually, I2 is acid. The reason is that the original color of I2 is red-brown, that made us cant see the phenomenon clearly. 4) Displacements between halogen elements: As what I mentioned above in background, the rule of displacements between halogen elements is that more reactive ones displace less reactive ones. Thats the reason why Br -cant displace Cl -, and I -cant displace Br and Cl-. When there was no reaction between two elements, the color we observed was the blend of original colors of the less reactive element and the solution containing the more reactive element. If theres a reaction between two elements, the color we can observe is the color of the displaced element. According to the information we got from Internet, we knew hexane is a kind of oil and is insoluble in water-solvent. That was the reason why we could differentiate the two layers of each solution very clearly. The colors of each solutions under layer were the original colors of the saline solutions. There were two kinds of instances of the color of upper layer of each solution. For the solutions those do not have I ion, they were colorless. Thats because hexane is colorless and cannot react with Cl or Br -. Another instance is that the solutions include I -, when I meets hexane, it will show the color of itself. That was why we could observe color of purple in this experiment. 5) Test for halide ions: When halide ions dissolved into silver salts, then the precipitate is appear commonly. The white precipitate is AgCl: AgNO3+NaClà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½AgCl+NaNO3 The off-white precipitate is AgBr: AgNO3+KBrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½AgBr+NaNO3 The pale yellow precipitate is AgI: AgNO3+NaIà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½AgI+NaNO3 After 10 minutes under the sunshine, photodissociation happened on all of them, so the black precipitate on the bottoms of three test tubes are the products of photodissociation. 1. Going down the group, the elements of this group have the same effective nuclear charge. Atomic radius of these elements becomes bigger because of the increase of the number of energy levels. The attraction between nucleus and valence electrons gets weaker. Less energy is required to remove the first electron from one mole of gaseous atoms. The ionization energy going down the group decreases. The ability to attract electrons becomes weaker. The electronegativity going down the group decreases. 2. Organic solvents always contain the element carbon. Inorganic solvents dont contain the element carbon. The most common solvent, water, is an example of an inorganic solvent. There are many more organic solvents than inorganic solvents. Compare with organic and inorganic solvent, the solubility of iodine is higher in organic solvent. 3. The oxidizing power of the halogens decrease going down the group as the size of the atoms increase going down the group as the size of the atoms increases and the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons becomes less. In that case, going down the group, the elements become less powerful oxidising agents. This means that a higher halogen will displace a lower halogen from its salts. A lower halogen cannot displace a higher halogen from its salts. 4. When starch reacts with iodine, the typical blue black color will appear. Thats a good way for us to identify starch and iodine. 5. After photodissociation, the color of some precipitates will change. will become black. Thats the most obvious one. Other precipitates will become darken. 1. Because we use solid iodine in the first experiment. If we add the solvent into the test tube first, the test tube will be wet and the solid iodine we put in later will attach on the surface inside instead of fall into the liquid. For this reason we must add solid iodine first in experiment 1. 2. According to the first experiment, we found that the solubility of iodine in pure water is very low. But the solubility of iodine in potassium iodide solution is relatively much higher. So we use I2-KI solution to increase the amount of iodine in order to let the phenomenon more obvious. REFERENCE 1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Chemistryà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½(for use with the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme) [3rd Edition] John Green Sadru Damji First published in 2007 by IBID Press, Victoria, Page 77 to 78. 2) http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/hexane.html 3) http://baike.baidu.com/view/373611.htm 4) http://baike.baidu.com/view/908645.htm

Reggae Music Jamaican

Reggae Music Jamaican â€Å"A perspective of Reggae as a music Genre, History, and the Legendary.† Caribbean music has entertained many music fans and has a great influence on the rest of the world. Music from the Caribbean islands such as ska, rock steady and dancehall have changed from each other and combined into what we know as â€Å"reggae† music. This music genre has also been influenced by parts of African rhythms and American blues. In the midst of all these influences, there rises a perspective of Reggae as a music genre, history, and the Legendary.† The word reggae may have been first used by the vocal group the Maytals, in the title of their 1968 hit â€Å"Do the Reggay† (Wikipedia, 2007). Although a definition of the word ‘reggae is controversial as the Oxford English Dictionary says â€Å"the origin of the word is unknown.† On the other hand, Piero Scaruffi (2003) claim that the word reggae was coined around 1960 in Jamaica to identify a ragged style of dance music, that still had its roots in New Orleans rhythmnblues. Reggae was an evolution of what had been happening in Jamaican music, and was the next evolution step up from the other types of Jamaican music that had been enjoyed before it. These styles were ska, and rock steady. Wikipedia (2007) has indicated that compared with rock music, reggae music basically inverted the role of bass and guitar: the former was the lead, the latter beat the typical hiccupping pattern. The vocals in reggae are less of a defining characteristic of the genre than the instrumentation and rhythm. Almost any song can be performed in a reggae style. Vocal harmony parts are often used either throughout the melody or as a counterpoint to the main vocal line. Reggae lyrics is noted for its tradition of social criticism, although many reggae songs discuss lighter, more personal subjects such as love, sex and socializing. Some reggae lyrics attempt to raise the political perception of the audience, such as by criticizing materialism or by informing the listener about certain controversial subjects such as apartheid. There are many artists and songs that use religious themes in their music, whether it be discussing a religious topic or simply giving praise to the Rastafari God, called Jah. Other socio-political topics in reggae songs include: Black Nationalism, anti-racism, anti-colonialism, anti capitalism, criticism of political systems, and criticism of the colonial education system. Harmonically, the music is often very simple, and sometimes a whole song will have no more than one or two chords. The Bob Marley and the Wailers song Exodus is almost entirely comprised of A-minor chords. However, Bob Marley also wrote more complex chord structures, and the band Steel Pulse has often used very complex chord structures. The bass guitar often plays a very dominant role in reggae, and the drum and bass is often called the riddim. A rhythm, riddim in reggae vocabulary, is a rhythm pattern. Its basically a bassline and usually a special drum pattern is used with the bassline (Jam2jamdis, n.d.) Reggae music had its origin with ska in the late 1950s right about the time Jamaica got its independence from England. Though this style of music is original only to Jamaica, its known and loved globally. The Reggae beat has been through many stages since its formulation in Jamaica in the early 1960s. It began with the Ska beat which derives from a strong influence of rhythm blues, and then Rocksteady, before reaching its worldwide appeal as Reggae during the Seventies to early Eighties. Jamaica first started their own label of music in the 50s. Edward Sega, the man who was to become the president of Jamaica, was first known as the founder of a company called WIRL, or West Indian Records Limited, this company began releasing the work of local artists. Many more recorders began to follow suit, once the pressing plants were established on the island, the Jamaican recording industry was born. An independent label, Island, distributed Jamaican records in the UK throughout the 1960s, but reggae became popular in the UK only when Prince Busters Al Capone (1967) started a brief dance craze. Jamaican music was very much a ghetto phenomenon, associated with gang-style violence, but Jimmy Cliffs Wonderful World Beautiful People (1969) wed reggae with the peace and love philosophy of the hippies, an association that would not die away. In the USA, Neil Diamonds Red Red Wine (1967) was the first reggae hit by a pop musician. Shortly afterwards, Johnny Nashs Hold Me Tight (1968) propelled reggae onto the charts. Do The Reggay (1968) by Toots (Hibbert) And The Maytals was the record that gave the music its name. Fredrick Toots Hibberts vocal style was actually closer to gospel, as proved by their other hits (54-46, 1967; Monkey Man, 1969; Pressure Drop, 1970). It was in the 1970s that the late Bob Marley took this art and made it an international craze with roots reggae, which was a heavy, spiritual and conscious sound. Roots reggae is the name given to a spiritual type of music whose lyrics are mainly in praise of Jah (God). On the other hand, roots music, which had a heavy Reggae bass line and lyrics to match, really captured the mood of what life is like living in the ghetto. The 70s saw the creation and international success of Roots Reggae. With this style, the tempo was slowed down even more, and the electric bass was lower and more important in the mix. Along with this change in musical approach was the increased intensity and depth of the lyrical content. Influenced by suffering, corrupt politicians and police, and the religion of Rastafari, the lyrics of Roots music ranged from powerful protest music to beautiful spiritual music. It had a passion that moved and still moves people around the globe (Jeff Reiss n.d.) Jeff Reis (n.d.) also has indicated that in the 90s, Reggae history is moving right along, dancehall began to show influence of Roots rhythms and ideology. With a focus back to Rastafari, artists such as Sizzla, Capleton, Anthony B, and Buju Banton, have become world famous musicians. In the twentieth century Jamaica was famous with reggae, the Rastafarians and Bob Marley. Here constantly reggae concerts, music of love and revolution take place. Nowadays, when every fiftieth person on the Earth is Rastafarian, Jamaica became their Mecca and a house-museum of Bob Marley becomes a temple at the date of his death. Reggae music has moved through many different variations. Performances have been seen and heard from rhythms such as Dub, Ska, Congo, and Dancehall. The dancehall genre developed around 1980, with artists such as Yellowman, Super Cat, and Shabba Ranks. The style is characterized by a deejay singing and rapping or toasting over raw and fast rhythms. As mentioned on Music Lesson Online (n.d.) with the loss of its biggest name, Bob Marley, reggae seemed to strike a slow period, when the music had no direction. That changed in the mid 1980s with the advent of dancehall. This was faster than reggae, the rebellious music of youth that also drew influences from American hip-hop. Ragga is a subgenre of dancehall, in which the instrumentation primarily consists of electronic music and sampling. Reggaeton is a form of dance music that first became popular with Latino youths in the early 1990s. Reggae rock is a genre that combines elements of reggae and rock music. The bands Sublime and 311 are known for this reggae rock. The Reggae beat also became faster and more sophisticated musically, to keep up with the new sound coming in from the USA called Funk which used the aid of the new electronic musical instruments and included the famous syndrome used on many a tune. In the 1990s dancehall and reggae evolved, accompanied by the opinion that it contained more offensive lyrics that would encourage street violence and dismay. However, there is a recent development going back to more socially and spiritually aware lyrics known by some to be the New Roots Movement. The old-style roots reggae has also become global, with reggae bands springing up all over, many of whom had achieved great critical success, like the African reggae of Lucky Dube or Alpha Blondy. Today reggae has grown as the artists are showcased at events such as the Caribbean Music Expo, and Jamaica Sumfest. It is highly recommended that those who are truly interested in Jamaicas music attend one of these shows. Some of these stage shows can be days long, so if you cant be there for the entire show, you can catch at least one day of it. New Reggae artists such as Shaggy and Sean Paul have brought reggae even further internationally. An example of how reggae has grown globally is Shaggys concert in Kuala Lumpur on 1 December 2007. When one thinks of Reggae music, the first name that comes to mind is Bob Marley. Rustic Girls (n.d.) has indicated that even though the world first met Bob Marley in the 70s, the name still lingers to this day, because he was the man who turned Jamaican Reggae music into an international phenomenon, and with the help of a few others along the way established reggae as a worldwide genre of music. Bob Marley had established himself as an early leading influence, with his creative style and unique stage presence. He adopted Rastafarianism; bring in his reggae music with greater soul and more touching lyrics. Bob Marley became an international superstar and is considered a prophet by the followers of the Rastafarian religion. It is Bob Marley legend because he managed to bring reggae music to the non-African and non-Jamaican population of the world and made them love it as it was their own natural spiritual legacy. He showed people the everlasting backbeat that goes along with the wailing soft words like â€Å"No Woman, No Cry ¨ and† Is This Love ¨. Morgan Hamilton (n.d.) claimed that the legend has his name because Bob Marley was the one who actually made it in the conformist society of those days by first getting there, finding his place to fit into that specific social environment, playing by their rules, wearing their clothes and hairstyles. Afterwards he managed to grow and evolve both in a spiritual and a physical aspect keeping in mind all the dreads, but following his own ways in philosophy as well as in religion and in the general attitude as well as in the very words. For people of the different ages the Bob Marley legend has different meaning, and they vary from peaceful love to melancholia. Some people connect him with superior reggae inspiring music with meaningful lyrics, others think of him as a part of their own search for self, and still others connect him mostly with deep and true love. The legend of Bob Marley still lives with those who remember him, and remember how it started with him and was only because of him. The album Bob Marley Legend is one of the best albums of all time, especially in the sector of reggae. Bob Marley Legend tells you the story of the world- famous Bob Marley and the Wailers, by having such classic tracks and all time hits as Buffalo Soldier, Stir it Up, Get Up Stand Up, Is This Love, just to name a few. In 2002 Bob Marleys album Exodus won album of the century. This proud, bold island had now made its mark on the world first because of its music. It was proposed by Glenn B. Porter (n.d.) that Bob Marley is one of the most phenomenal musicians in history, and almost single-handedly pioneered the art of reggae music. It is a testament to him that, despite the fact that he is probably more famous worldwide than all other reggae artists combined, he is still adored and respected in his native Jamaica rather than resented for permanently acing the rest of the local music. Bob Marley himself always succeed for noble causes such as independence and the right of ordinary people, and his radical spirit is still fresh in the songs that he plays. Wailers songs are not just meant as party music, although of course, they are lots of fun to party too. They are meant to make the listener feel a thirst for justice and peace, and sow the seeds of hope for a better world. Though Marley died in 1981, Reggae has gone from strength to strength. International stars such as Eric Clapton and Paul Simon even began to incorporate Reggae tunes into their smash hit reggae albums. Roots Reggae Club (n.d.) mentioned that Bob Marley has sold more reggae albums than any other reggae recording reggae artist. On his birthday, February 6, 2001 Bob Marley was awarded a star on the famed Hollywood Walk of Fame. He receives many awards for his contributions to reggae music each year. Finally we can say Bob Marley legend because no matter where we were, what we were doing, what we were trying to get, or to escape from, he was always there, always ready to help and support us with his music and his words spreading his great spirit all over telling us that what we really need is just love, respect, unity and spirituality. Bob Marley helped all of us to  ¨stir it up ¨, to â€Å"put it on ¨ and to â€Å"rock it baby ¨, there was also encouragement in his words with â€Å"pass it on ¨ with â€Å"stand alone ¨ and with â€Å"keep on moving ¨. All he did actually tell us through his music was that we should try living our lives according to our and to Gods rules. He taught us to know what our rights are and to never quit until we get them granted and then use them properly. Reggae to me is not just a great beat or music just to dance to. Many songs in the reggae genre are spiritual in their sound and lyrics. Songs performed by reggae artists such as Bob Marley and the others consist of not simply great lyrics but a message. A message that inspires, motivates, and reminds us of the past and where we are coming from. Beside that, there are some things that are associated with both reggae music and Jamaican culture that are deemed unacceptable in some societies such as the use of marijuana. However, it cannot be disputed that there are a lot of positive aspects to it. These include principles such as unity, freedom, peace, love and anti-racism which are essential to all of us. Its global appeal continues to grow, as a form of music and knowledge. References Glenn B. Porter, n.d. Retrieved: November 10, 2007, from http://ezinearticles.com//?Bob-MarleyLegend:The-Ultimate-Collectors-Albumid=296642 Jam2jamdis, n.d. Retrieved: November 10, 2007, from http://www.jam2dis.com/j2dreggaehistory1.htm Jeff Reiss n.d. Retrieved: November 11, 2007, from http://www.lionvibes.com/reggae-history.html Morgan Hamilton, n.d. Retrieved: November 11, 2007, from http://ezinearticles.com/?A-Review-of-Bob-Marley-Legendid=263009 Music Lesson Online, 2007. Retrieved: November, 11, 2007, from http://www.musiclessonsonline.co.uk/ReggaeMusic.html Piero Scaruffi, 2003. Retrieved: November 11, 2007, from http://www.scaruffi.com/history/reggae.html. Roots Reggae Club, n.d. Retrieved: November 10, 2007, from http://www.rootsreggaeclub.com/culture_reggae_afro/reggae/reggae.htm Rustic Girls, n.d. Retrieved: November 11, 2007, from http://www.rusticgirls.com/fun/history-of-reggae-music.html Wikipedia, 2007. Retrieved: November 11, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae

Col. Tom Parker :: essays research papers

PARKER, who gave up smoking his trademark big Cuban cigars in 1990, had a meteoric rise from being a hobo in the late 1920s to a top show business manager. Tom Parker was born on June 26, 1909 in Breda, The Netherlands to Adam and Maria VanKuijk who named their fifth child Andreas Cornelius VanKuijk. As a young man Parker immigrated to the United States where he worked on carnivals and served four years in the United States Army. After his discharge from the army he went back to carnival life. In late 1939 and early 1940 he became the manager of Gene Austin and traveled with Gene's "Models & Melodies" show. In late 1940 he became Field Director of the Tampa Humane Society, a position he held for three years. Tom Parker left the Humane Society to go back into the entertainment field, booking country acts. In 1944 he became the manager of Eddy Arnold and by November 1947 Eddy had been #1 on the country charts for 53 weeks. When Tom Parker and Eddy Arnold went their separate ways, Tom began booking Hank Snow and in January 1955 became his personal manager. Colonel (as he was now called, having been given an honorary title of "colonel" by several southern governors) began booking Elvis Presley as an opening act on the Hank Snow appearances. In October 1955 as Elvis' special advisor (Bob Neal was still managing Elvis), Colonel negotiated a recording contract with RCA Victor for Elvis. It should be noted that it was, at that time, the custom for the A&R people to choose the songs for an artist to record. However Colonel insisted that Elvis choose his own songs. Today it is common practice for the artist to choose their own material. . . .but Elvis was the first. In 1956 Colonel became Elvis' personal manager. By the end of their first year together the WALL STREET JOURNAL reported that since Colonel began marketing Elvis merchandise, they had grossed some $22 million in sales. Elvis records and albums were selling in the millions. Together they made history. After reading a newspaper story pleading for support for the Arizona Memorial fund, Colonel talked with Elvis and they decided to offer a benefit concert to raise funds to finish the memorial which honored those who lost their lives during the devastating surprise attack on the military installations at Pearl Harbor. In March 1961 the concert took place and nearly $100,000 was raised.

Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

Play vs. Movie   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Watching both play and movie, makes you wonder about the differences and the similarities. Paying attention to those kinds of things makes you realize your sense of thought. In this essay I will be taking you into a deeper level on Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now by seeing the movie Hamlet vs. the play Hamlet, you will notice that scene one came right after scene two in the movie. It threw me off a little bit because you were least expecting it. The other change was when Ophelia was talking with her dad, that never happened in the play. The last and final change was when they were barring Ophelia , in the play she was in the grave and Hamlet had jumped in the grave to testify his love for her, but now in the movie, s...

Factors That Lead to Passion Killing Essay

Relationships are meant to be enjoyed by both the individuals involved in it. Happiness, joy, love, freedom and safety or care should always be visible and felt in romantic relationships. Apart from these benefits or good things about relationships, there are some disadvantages enclosed in some relationships. These disadvantages cause people to be fearful and to lack peace and freedom in their lives. In the today’s world, most romantic relationships come with life threatening and horrifying experiences due to the fact that people are mostly not true or open to their partners. The disadvantages that occur in relationships are the opposite of the advantages that occur in relationships; therefore these disadvantages lead to serious situations or result in more serious and irreversible outcomes such as murder, which is referred to as passion killing in terms of romantic relationships. Passion killing is the killing of another person by another person who that person [victim] was i nvolved or connected with in a romantic relationship. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia defines passion killing as a criminal act in which the perpetrator commits a crime of murder against someone because of sudden strong impulse such as sudden rage or heartbreak rather than as a premeditated crime. This despised end result where most relationships of nowadays head to, commonly known as passion killing is fueled, or caused by several factors. Some of these include socio-economic status, the need to have power over the other, selfishness, jealousy, insecurity, lack of understanding, poor communication, unfaithfulness, lack of direction, poor knowledge in what a person really wants in relationship wise and mental ill health in some cases. Gerson sindano, a master of arts in English student, in the department of language and literature studies,  faculty of humanities and social science at the University of Namibia, wrote in the New Era news paper. He says that instead of looking for real love, some men are trying to buy love with money or any kind of riches or materials. He continues to give advice that this kind of love that is held or based on material items is dangerous to both the individuals involved in it. Therefore people should look for real and genuine love that will not disappear when the money will finish. The end result of fake love is disappointments and loss of wealth; this also leads to the dilemma of passion killing, because a person will not accept losing his or her money or possessions and be left, hurt or disappointed at the end. Some people want something in return and if they are not paid or given their items back, the whole relationship that seemed to be full of love, happiness and joy, can turn into a nightmare. A relationship should be a fifty/ fifty [50/50] thing, where by both the people involved can express themselves freely, without fear of the other. A problem comes in when one individual in the relationship opts or desire to have control over the other or to have power over the other. This control or power can be influenced by physical body structure in men, and success in women. Men are believed to be naturally stronger or powerful than women, and due to that they want to control women to do their desires instead of doing what they want; of cause resistance is alway s experienced in such situations. Clinical psychologist Dr. Shaun Whittaker spoke to the Windhoek observer and said that, we live in a male dominated country, where the men still have power and continue to will to have power over women. Due to this, men are controlling their women and if a woman resists doing the will of the men, there is always violence against the woman. Women who are very successful than their man, also opts to have control on the men, and this is often not welcomed by men because they will appear weak if they are to receive orders from their female counterpart. The violence that result from the rejections of being controlled is always assaults and in some cases this may lead to passion killing. Of cause respect should be there in relationships but having control over the other is different from respect. Therefore its only wise if the men can gain respect the correct and humanly way, instead of applying force. Jealous in relationship terms, is referred to as the real or perceived threat of the loss of a valued relationship to a rival, in most cases men do not know how  to control their emotions and anger especially when it comes to their relationships or the women they love. Jealousy crops in w hen one of the individuals in the relationship is no longer having interest or is getting involved with someone else. When there is jealous, an individual begins to feel low and unappreciated; this leads to people becoming frustrated and unhappy. In most cases men are not able to control their anger and they find it hard to believe that another man is taking over, since they don’t want to be seen weak or to be undermined, they plan to commit a crime and this crime is always murder. Insecurity is defined as the feeling of not being secure or having thoughts that your partner is seeing someone else, this is mostly brought about when a person has a history or believed to have not been faithful in their past relationships. Insecurity is also caused when there are suspicious changes in an individual’s life, changes like limiting or cutting off some other activities you use to do together, or when a person becomes too social with another person of the opposite sex and with only one individual This causes people to react differently and in other cases some people chose to commit crimes. Some people are too jealous to the point that, they never want others to succeed, or they don’t want their partner to be involved with another person, they always use an excuse like; if I can’t have you then no one will have you! When situations get to this extent, it means that they are ready and willing to commit a crime, this crime is always have to be murder. Mental ill health is a situation where by an individual suffers from a mental illness, such people are not able to control their anger and in some cases they don’t consider crime to be a bad thing. People, who are mentally unfit, don’t hesitate to commit a crime and if they get angry, they use any object in their way to assault or cause harm to other people. In relationships, when a mentally ill person is tempered with, they usually consider to solve problems in a violent way instead of solving problems the polite way. When they become violent, they can end up commit a crime and even murdering their partners. In this way the crime of passion killing has been fulfilled. Even though not necessarily possible, selfishness is another factor that leads to passion killing. The whole world believes that love is always accompanied with giving and receiving, it does not matter when you receive or give, for as long as it is there then life and love becomes real for other individua ls. The honest truth is that, love  is from the heart and not from the materials that other people can offer so for a person to be more concerned with receiving or giving then it means that such a person doesn’t know what they want. Focus is lost if a person is looking at receiving or giving in a relationship, the idle way is to be in a relationship with someone for who they are and not what they have, what they do, where they come from. Some people feel unwanted or think that they are being robbed due to the fact that it’s only them that give, so at times arguments and disagreements break out to the point that people begin to apply violence against each other. Men are stronger than women and so they can easily hurt their partners. Socio-economic status, lack of understanding, poor communication, lack of a clear direction, poor knowledge in what a person really wants relationship wise, are also some of the factors that can possibly lead to passion killing in relationships if not addressed wisely or professionally. These factors can be avoided and lives could be saved if people try with all their best to control themselves and try to understand that disappointments or rejections are part of life and theref ore one does not need to commit a crime when they occur. In conclusion, the above discussed are some of the factors that are believed to possibly lead or contribute to the occurrence of passion killing in relationships. References Baputaki, C. (2007, January 11). Passion killer gets mob justice. Mmegi, 24(5), online. Botswana Press Agency (2005, February 25). Passion killings escalate. Daily News, online. Retrieved September 15, 2006 from http://www.gov.bw/cgibin/ news.cgi?d=20050225 http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/crime+of+passion ^ crime of passion†. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 23 December 2011. This crime-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding New Era news paper, dated 30 April 2013. Article titled some causes of passion killing.